年龄因素对新型冠状病毒易感性的影响

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2022.02.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新型冠状病毒是人冠状病毒的一种,通过与血管紧张素转换酶Ⅱ（ACE2）受体结合进入人体。目前新型冠状病毒肺炎在全球呈大流行趋势,世界各地对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的防控仍不容乐观。流行病学调查发现不同年龄人群对新型冠状病毒的易感性有明显差异。本文从流行病学角度讨论发现,新型冠状病毒肺炎在≥65岁和45~64岁的人群之间表现出高传播性,15~44岁的人群表现出相对较低的易感性,10岁以下儿童易感性最低。从病理改变、临床症状及实验室检查等方面对比发现儿童相较于成人和老年人病理改变和临床症状较轻微,实验室检查指标波动幅度小。通过对易感性差异的分析,发现造成不同年龄对新型冠状病毒易感性差异的原因主要为宿主细胞受体的差异、宿主免疫反应差异、肠道菌群影响、基础疾病差异以及社会因素的影响。

关键词: 新型冠状病毒, 年龄, 易感性

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 is a type of human coronavirus that enters the body by binding to the ACE2 receptor. COVID-19 is now a global pandemic, and the prevention and control of the epidemic around the world is still not optimistic. The epidemiological investigation found that the susceptibility of different age groups to SARS-CoV-2 was significantly different. In this epidemiological discussion, COVID-19 was found to be highly transmissible in people aged 65 or above 65 years and 45~64 years, with relatively low susceptibility in people aged 15~44 years and the lowest susceptibility in children younger than 10 years. Compared with adults and the elderly, the pathological changes and clinical symptoms of children were slighter, and the fluctuation range of laboratory examination indicators was slight. Through the analysis of the differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, it is found that the main reasons for the differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in different ages are the differences of host cell receptors, host immune responses, intestinal flora, underlying diseases and social factors.

Key words: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Age, Susceptibility

牛翊霖, 张纯, 曹雯煜, 刘旭玲, 吴清华, 刘滢芳, 张宝, 赵卫. 年龄因素对新型冠状病毒易感性的影响[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2022, 7(2): 19-24.

Niu Yilin, Zhang Chun, Cao Wenyu, Liu Xuling, Wu Qinghua, Liu Yingfang, Zhang Bao, Zhao Wei. Effects of age factor on susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2022, 7(2): 19-24.

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