寨卡病毒病的临床相关研究现状及挑战

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 寨卡病毒病是由寨卡病毒（Zika Virus）感染引起的一种急性虫媒传染病。ZIKV最早于1947年在乌干达地区的猕猴体内分离到,1952年确诊首例人类感染ZIKV的病例。2015年5月巴西第一例本土病例确诊,之后的几个月内,感染病例超过100万,格林-巴利综合征和新生儿小头畸形等严重并发症的发现较之前激增。为此,WHO在2016年2月将寨卡病毒列为全球紧急公共卫生事件。临床表现为发热、斑丘疹、结膜炎等类感冒样症状。寨卡病毒病的诊断主要依靠：①流行病学史;②临床表现;③确诊依赖于实验室检查。目前尚无有效的特异性抗ZIKV药物,临床上主要采取对症治疗。防蚊灭蚊是预防ZIKV的主要措施,疫苗是预防ZIKV的最经济和最根本的手段。

关键词: 寨卡病毒, 临床表现, 诊断, 治疗, 预防

Abstract: Zika is an emerging mosquito-borne acute infectious disease caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) that was first isolated from a rhesus monkey in Uganda in 1947.The first human case of ZIKV infection was confirmed in 1952.In May 2015,the public health authorities of Brazil confirmed the first case of indigenous transmission of ZIKV,and then the number of Zika cases exceeded one million over the next few months companied by a sharp increase of microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults.Therefore,Zika virus infection had been declared as a public health emergency by the World Health Organization on February 1,2016.The symptoms are similar to flu and include fever,skin rashes,conjunctivitis and so on.Diagnosis of ZIKV infection is relied on recent epidemic history,clinical symptoms and laboratory tests on blood or other body fluids,such as urine or saliva.There is currently no vaccine or drug available.Protection against mosquito bites is a key measure to prevent ZIKV infection.Vaccine is the most effective way to control ZIKV epidemic.

Key words: Zika virus, Clinical manifestation, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention

张复春, 赵令斋. 寨卡病毒病的临床相关研究现状及挑战[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2016, 1(1): 1-5.

ZHANG Fu-chun, ZHAO Ling-zhai. Current situation and challenge of clinical research on Zika[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016, 1(1): 1-5.

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