寨卡病毒研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2015-2016年南美洲暴发了史上最严重的寨卡病毒疫情,疫情导致新生儿小头畸形和格林-巴利综合征患者大量增加,引发了全球关注。寨卡病毒属于黄病毒科黄病毒属,这次南美疫情流行的是亚洲型毒株。蚊媒叮咬是寨卡病毒传播的主要途径,然而大量的证据显示性传播途径比预估的要更为普遍。大多数人感染寨卡病毒后无症状或症状轻微,但孕妇患者体内的寨卡病毒会感染胎儿的神经细胞,并导致大脑出现畸形。核酸检测是目前实验室检测寨卡病毒的主要方法,通过该方法已经在血液、尿液、精液和唾液等体液中检测到了寨卡病毒。目前还没有寨卡病毒疫苗,防蚊灭蚊依然是病毒防控的有效手段,孕妇及备孕的夫妇必须加强个人防护,以免病毒感染而造成严重的后果。

关键词: 寨卡病毒, 小头畸形, 格林-巴利综合征, 性传播

Abstract: The most serious outbreak of Zika virus in history have been reported in South America from 2015 to 2016.During the epidemic,a significant increase of neonatal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome patients triggered a global concern.Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae,genus Flavivirus.The epidemic viruses in South America were Asia subtype strains.The primary transmission route of Zika virus is via the Aedes mosquito.However,mounting evidence has shown that sexual transmission of Zika virus is more common than previously assumed.Zika virus disease usually has no symptoms or mild symptoms.But Zika virus in pregnant woman can infect the fetal nervous system,which could result in brain malformation.Nucleic acid detection is the primary method to detect the virus in laboratory.It has been detected in the blood,urine,semen,saliva and other body fluids by the method. There is no vaccine available till now and the current most effective way to prevent Zika virus infection is still prevention of mosquito bites.Pregnant women and couples planning a pregnancy must strengthen the personal protection,to avoid serious consequences of Zika virus infection.

Key words: Zika virus, Microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Sexual transmission

吴春利, 阳帆, 张仁利. 寨卡病毒研究进展[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2016, 1(1): 10-13.

WU Chun-li, YANG Fan, ZHANG Ren-li. Research progress of Zika virus[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016, 1(1): 10-13.

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