2014年深圳市学校结核病流行状况调查分析

新发传染病电子杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (1): 23-26.

2014年深圳市学校结核病流行状况调查分析

吕德良¹, 杨应周¹, 谭卫国¹, 李雪迎², 吴清芳¹, 管红云¹, 车晓玲¹

1.深圳市慢性病防治中心肺部疾病研究所,广东深圳 518020;
2.北京大学第一医院医学统计室,北京 100034

收稿日期:2016-11-24 出版日期:2016-11-30 发布日期:2020-07-01
通讯作者: 谭卫国,Email：twg202@163.com
基金资助:
“十二五”国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004903-002-004); 深圳市科技计划项目(JCYJ20140416103315869)

Epidemic investigation and analysis of school tuberculosis in Shenzhen during 2014

LV De-liang¹, YANG Ying-zhou¹, TAN Wei-guo¹, Li Xue-ying², WU Qing-fang¹, GUAN Hong-yun¹, CHE Xiao-ling¹

1. Shenzhen Center for chronic disease control,Guangdong Shenzhen 518020,China;
2. Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China

Received:2016-11-24 Online:2016-11-30 Published:2020-07-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的掌握深圳市学校结核病的流行现况,为完善深圳市学校结核病综合防控策略提供科学依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统和深圳市学校结核病周监测本中,获得2014年学校结核病患者的信息资料,分析学校结核病的流行病学分布和发病情况。结果 2014年深圳市共监测发现学校结核病234例,其中学生占86.3%（202/234）,为主要发病人群。学生痰菌阳性率低于教职工,分别为34.7%和56.3%,χ2 =5.491,P=0.019。5.1%（12/234）病例无法获知学校信息,21.8%（44/202）病例为外地学校学生。学生病例多发生在校期间,寒暑假及高考体检后1个月相对较少,而教职工病例则多发生于下半年,占68.8%（22/32）。学生和专任教师的肺结核病报告发病率分别为7.7/10万和20.4/10万,低于全人群报告发病率46.6/10万。结论深圳市学校结核病疫情水平虽然较低,但监测报告等防控措施应有待加强。同时尽快制定全国学校结核病协调沟通机制和全覆盖的学校结核病综合防控策略,避免学校结核病突发公共卫生事件的发生。

关键词: 结核, 肺/流行病学, 分布, 发病率, 预防与控制

Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiology of school tuberculosis in Shenzhen,so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the prevention and control strategy of school tuberculosis. Methods Data of school tuberculosis cases in 2014 was gathered from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention and Shenzhen weekly monitoring reports for school tuberculosis,which was used for the analysis of epidemiology and morbidity of school tuberculosis in Shenzhen. Results Totally,234 school tuberculosis patients were diagnosed during 2014 and enrolled in this study,including 202 cases of students which accounted for about 86.3%.The positive rate of sputum in students(about 34.7%) was lower than that in the faculty members(about 56.3%),with χ2=5.491 and P=0.019.Detailed data of 5.1%(12/234) patients were not obtainable,and 21.8%(44/202) student patients came from other city.The students were mainly infected during the period of school,and less infected during the winter and summer holidays or during the holidays after the college entrance examination. The faculty members were mainly infected during the latter half of the year,accounting for about 68.8% (22/32).The reported incidences of pulmonary tuberculosis in students and teachers were about 7.7/100 000 and 20.4/100 000,which was much lower than the reported incidence in whole population (about 46.6/100 000). Conclusion Although the epidemic level of tuberculosis in Shenzhen city is low,the prevention and control strategy should be strengthened,especially in surveillance and case reporting.Furthermore,the national coordination mechanism and full-coverage comprehensive strategy on the prevention and control of school tuberculosis should be established to avoid its unexpected outbreaks in schools.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology, Distribution, Incidence, Prevention and control

吕德良, 杨应周, 谭卫国, 李雪迎, 吴清芳, 管红云, 车晓玲. 2014年深圳市学校结核病流行状况调查分析[J]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2016, 1(1): 23-26.

LV De-liang, YANG Ying-zhou, TAN Wei-guo, Li Xue-ying, WU Qing-fang, GUAN Hong-yun, CHE Xiao-ling. Epidemic investigation and analysis of school tuberculosis in Shenzhen during 2014[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016, 1(1): 23-26.

参考文献

[1] World Health Organization.Global Tuberculosis Report 2014[EB/OL].http:// www.who.int,Geneva,Switzerland.
[2] Molicotti P,Bua A,Mela G,et al.Performance of Quanti FERON-TB testing in a tuberculosis outbreak at a primary school.J Pediatr,2008,152(4):585-586.
[3] 深圳市统计局,国家统计局深圳调查队.深圳统计年鉴-2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015:59.
[4] Roberts JR,Mason BW,Paranjothy S,et al.The transmission of tuberculosis in schools involving children 3 to11 years of age[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J,2012,31(1):82-84.
[5] 陈伟,陈秋兰,夏愔愔,等.2008-2012年全国学生结核病疫情特征分析[J].中国防痨杂志,2013,35(12):949-954.
[6] 杜昕,陈伟,黄飞,等.2004-2008年全国学生肺结核报告发病特征分析[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(11):803-806.
[7] 黄玉,钟节鸣,邱晓,等.浙江2005-2012年学生结核病发病趋势及特征分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2014,18(1):36-39.
[8] 于梅,陈小英,梅秋红,等.2009-2013年宁波市学校结核病疫情分析[J].中国公共卫生管理,2014,30(4):597-598.
[9] 陈诚,陆伟,虞浩,等.江苏省2005~2009年登记学生结核病患者特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2013 ,40(3):545-547.
[10] 王蓉. 青海省2009~2011年学生结核病发病特征分析[J].现代预防医学, 2013,40(20):3863-3864.
[11] 姚晓英. 嘉兴市中小学生肺结核危险因素病例对照研究[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(6):717-719.
[12] 王黎霞,成诗明,陈伟.学校结核病防治工作手册[M].北京:军事医学科学出版社,2012:75.
[13] Bua A,Molicotti P,Zanetti A,et al.Epidemic of tuberculosis in a high school in Northern Sardinia[J].Int J Mycobacteriol,2012,1(3):161-163.
[14] Taylor JG,Yates TA,Mthethwa M,et al.Measuring ventilation and modelling M.tuberculosis transmission in indoor congregate settings,rural KwaZulu-Natal[J].Int J Tuberc Lung Dis,2016,20(9):1155-1161.
[15] 曹宏伟,戚巍,钟威,等.2009-2013年辽宁省教师肺结核疫情特征[J].职业与健康,2016,32(16):2242-2244.
[16] 李君,朱小梅,张淑兰,等.温州市2005-2011年教师肺结核疫情分析[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(1):141-142.
[17] Faccini M1,Codecasa LR,Ciconali G,et al.Tuberculosis outbreak in a primary school, Milan,Italy[J].Emerg Infect Dis,2013,19(3):485-487.