Clinical and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with intracerebral parasitic infection

Abstract

Abstract: HIV is a neurotoxic virus. HIV-infected T lymphocytes can enter the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier and target oligodendrocytes and damage its support of the myelin sheath. This reaction will cause serious multi-stage demyelinating lesions, such as HIV encephalitis caused by AIDS dementia syndrome and the development of multi-focal white matter encephalopathy. After HIV infection, the human immune system has been severely damaged which will trigger opportunistic infections, resulting in healthy people who were not sensitive to some pathogenic microorganisms and parasites become highly susceptible. Such as AIDS combined with toxoplasmosis encephalopathy, it normally causes recessive infection. Among the AIDS patients with low immune function , toxoplasmosis directly caused the central nervous system damage and due to the delayed diagnosis and treatment, the fatality rate is high. The MRI features of AIDS complicated with toxoplasmosis mainly include: ①The most of pathogenic sites are the frontal lobe, basal ganglia, thalamus and brainstem, while ventricular and ventricular tubular membranes are rarely invaded. ② The morphology of intracranial lesions is mainly circular or nodular. ③The MRI signal of lesion is mainly T1WI low signal. If there is a high signal in the lesion T1WI, there is a possibility of a small amount of bleeding in the lesion; T2WI is mostly high signal, and the enhanced form of developed lesion is mainly manifested as annular reinforcement, petal-like and nodule enhancement. As a result, the "target sign" after the enhancement of magnetic resonance T1WI signal has certain diagnostic significance..

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus, AIDS, Parasites, Craniocerebral, Imaging

YUAN Hong. Clinical and imaging manifestations of AIDS complicated with intracerebral parasitic infection[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2018, 3(4): 239-243.

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