Abstract: Objective To explore the importance of the clinical differential diagnosis of HIV infection with pulmonary nodules and other space-occupying lesions.Methods This paper reported the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with HIV infection complicated with pulmonary nodule shadow from suspected lung cancer to clinically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis, and reviewed relevant literature.Result sA patient with confirmed HIV infection was admitted to the outpatient department due to fever. Subpleural nodules of the dorsal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung were observed on lung CT. PET-CT indicated a high possibility of malignant lesions, and biopsy of the lesion tissue suggested chronic inflammation. Clinical consideration of tuberculosis may be given empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment, anti-retrovirus treatment, and regular follow-up review of the chest CT. Visible nodule shadow smaller than before may be obserced. Patients were followed up for stable conditions.Conclusion Among patients with HIV infection complicated with pulmonary nodules, it is necessary to carefully identify benign and malignant lesions so as to make a correct judgment as early as possible and avoid misdiagnosis and treatment.

Key words: HIV infection, Pulmonary nodules, Lung cancer, Tuberculosis