Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between the clinical, imaging and pathological appearance. Methods 48 cases of AIDS patients and HIV infected person from the high-incidente area of AIDS were detected radiologically in all cases and pathologically in 33 cases. The examination Results were analyzed retrospectively. Results All cases, including 30 men and 18 women, were confirmed to be infected by HIV, and 33 cases were infected by blood including 19 cases by blood transfusion and 14 by illegal blood collection. 4 cases were infected by sexual transmission, 1 child might be infected by his mother, while other transmitted ways in others were unknown. There are 30 patients admitted to hospital for surgical diseases. Among them, more than 40 kinds of diseases were diagnosed by clinician combined with imaging examinations including fracture in 6 cases, trauma in 2 cases, pulmonary diseases in 2 cases, liver diseases in 3 cases, gastrointestinal diseases in 6 cases, malignancies in 6 cases and benign tumors in 5 cases. 14 cases of AIDS related diseases were confirmed by pathologists including lymphoma in 2 patients, lymphadenopathy related to AIDS in 3 patients, tuberculosis in 6 patients, and 1 case of cryptococcosis in lymph node, 1 case of toxoplasma pneumonitis, and 1 case of pulmonary mixed infection with cytomegalovirus(CMV) and aspergillus, respectively. The other diseases are non- indicated diseases to AIDS consisted of 4 patients suffered from malignant tumors, and 5 from benign tumors, all of which were found no relationship to the CD4⁺ cells counts. Conclusions The reliable diagnosis of AIDS must relay on the combination of the 5 items including epidemiologic history, clinical presentations, laboratory examination to confirm the HIV infection and immune state, imaging inspection to make sure the location and bound of the lesions, and pathological detection to determine the properties and kinds of the lesions especially for the tumors.

Key words: AIDS, HIV infection, Pathology, Imaging