Abstract: The emergence and spread of drug resistant HIV strains can compromise the strategy of using antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection. HIV drug resistance surveillance and monitoring program have been gradually conducted since 2003. The HIV drug resitance operational framework was developed which including HIV drug resistance. Currently, China is mainly engaged in the surveilance of transmitted HIV drug resistance (TDR), pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) in naïve patients and acquired drug resistance (ADR) in individuals on ART. In most areas of China, the prevalence of TDR is relatively low, and the prevalence of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) PDR is lower than 10%. The prevalence of HIV-1 DR in participants experiencing treatment failure is about 50%.The prevalence of HIV drug resistance is relatively low in China. However, with the increasing number of people receiving antiviral treatment, drug resistance rate increased in some regions. It is important to standardize surveillance and monitoring HIV drug resistance.

Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Drug resistance, Surveillance, Antiretroviral therapy (ART)