Abstract: Objective To explore the early diagnosis and treatment for acute HIV infection. Methods A patient with acute HIV infection were analyzed in the aspect of clinical manifestations, treatment course and prognosis. Results One week after high-risk behavior, the patient developed fever, fatigue, headache, etc. 15 days later, this patient's HIV antibody screening test was positive, but confirmation test was uncertain. This patient's HIV-1 RNA was 8 847 000 copies/ml with CD4⁺T cell count of 173/mm³, indicating the diagnosis of acute HIV infection. TDF+3TC+DTG regimen was given as initial antiviral treatment. After 4 weeks, HIV-1 RNA was 3303 copies/ml and was dropped to 150copies/million cells after 3 months. After 6 months of antiviral treatment, CD4⁺T cell count was increased to 530/mm³ with viral load decreased to 75copies/ml. Conclusion RNA testing is helpful for the diagnosis of acute HIV-1 infection. Early initiation of antiviral therapy with Integrase Inhibitor during acute HIV infection stage can rapidly reduce the viral load, enhance CD4⁺T cells recovery and reduce the HIV-1 DNA load to an extremely low level.

Key words: Acute human immunodeficiency virus infection, Integrase Inhibitor, Dolutegravir