Research progress of the impact of COVID-19 on AIDS patients worldwide

doi:10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2021.04.021

Abstract

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 is spreading all over the world, triggering a global crisis of medical and health resources, and leading to the reduction or interruption of HIV prevention and treatment services. Studies by many countries and health institutions have pointed out that HIV infection is not directly related to the poor prognosis of COVID-19 but indirectly causes difficulties in obtaining medical resources for HIV positive patients, inadequate antiretroviral treatment, and decline in mental health. As a result, the infection and fatality rate of some HIV positive people in COVID-19 have increased. The reason may be related to the epidemic prevention policies of various countries. This article reviews the impact of COVID-19 on the infection and fatality rate of HIV positive people, the existing problems of HIV positive individuals during the COVID-19 epidemic, and current recommendations and countermeasures. It is expected to provide reference for PLWH in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

Key words: Coronavirus disease 2019, HIV/AIDS, Telemedicine

Zhan Xiangming, Lu Hongzhou. Research progress of the impact of COVID-19 on AIDS patients worldwide[J]. Electronic Journal of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2021, 6(4): 356-360.

References

[1] SIGEL K, SWARTZ T, GOLDEN E, et al.Coronavirus 2019 and People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Outcomes for Hospitalized Patients in New York City[J]. Clin Infec Dis, 2020, 71(11): 2933-2938.
[2] 陈方方, 汤后林, 吕繁. 新型冠状病毒肺炎对HIV感染人群影响的研究进展[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2020, 41(12): 1980-1984.
[3] SINGH M. Guideline: USPSTF recommends preexposure prophylaxis with antiretroviral therapy for persons at high risk for HIV[J]. Ann Intern Med, 2019, 171(8): JC38.
[4] TAY M Z, POH C M, RÉNIA L, et al. The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2020,20(6): 363-374.
[5] JIANG H, ZHOU Y, TANG W.Maintaining HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic[J]. Lancet HIV, 2020, 7(5): e308-e309.
[6] HOGAN A B, JEWELL B L, SHERRARD-SMITH E, et al.Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2020, 8(9): e1132-e1141.
[7] 王嗣予, 李静, 张超, 等. HIV-1感染者合并新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床特点[J]. 中国艾滋病性病, 2021, 27(2): 216-219.
[8] GUO W, MING F, DONG Y, et al. Driving Force of Covid-19 Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Wuhan, China[J]. Res Sq, 2020, rs-53351.
[9] GERVASONI C, MERAVIGLIA P, RIVA A, et al.Clinical Features and Outcomes of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With COVID-19[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 71(16): 2276-2278.
[10] CEBALLOS ME, ROSS P, LASSO M, et al.Clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19: a nationwide experience[J]. Int J STD AIDS, 2021, 32(5): 435-443.
[11] BLANCO JL, AMBROSIONI J, GARCIA F, et al.COVID-19 in patients with HIV: clinical case series[J]. Lancet HIV, 2020, 7(5): e314-e316.
[12] 杨钟平, 秦圆圆, 周怡宏, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎合并HIV感染的临床特征及预后的系统文献分析[J/CD]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2021, 6(2): 113-118.
[13] UNAIDS. The volunteer driver in Wuhan[EB/OL]. (2020-03-24)[2021-04-08]. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2020/march/20200324_wuhan.
[14] 郭巍, 翁惠玲, 白桦, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎流行对HIV感染者卫生需求影响的快速评估[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2020, 4(5): 662-666.
[15] BHASKARAN K, RENTSCH CT, MACKENNA B, et al.HIV infection and COVID-19 death: a population-based cohort analysis of UK primary care data and linked national death registrations within the OpenSAFELY platform[J]. Lancet HIV, 2021, 8(1): e24-e32.
[16] SACHDEV D, MARA E, HSU L, et al.COVID-19 Susceptibility and Outcomes Among People Living With HIV in San Francisco[J]. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 2021, 86(1): 19-21.
[17] DAVIES MA. HIV and risk of COVID-19 death: a population cohort study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Preprint. medRxiv.2020;2020.07.02.20145185.
[18] HARGREAVES S, KUMAR BN, MCKEE M, et al.Europe’s migrant containment policies threaten the response to covid-19[J]. BMJ.2020;368:m1213.
[19] JEWELL B L, MUDIMU E, STOVER J, et al.Potential effects of disruption to HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa caused by COVID-19: results from multiple mathematical models[J]. Lancet HIV, 2020, 7(9): e629-e640.
[20] OLADELE TT, OLAKUNDE BO, OLADELE EA, et al.The impact of COVID-19 on HIV financing in Nigeria: a call for proactive measures[J]. BMJ Glob Health, 2020, 5(5):e002718.
[21] SSENTONGO P, HEILBRUNN ES, SSENTONGO A E, et al.Epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Sci Rep, 2021, 11(1): 6283.
[22] HÄRTER G, SPINNER CD, ROIDER J, et al. COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients[J]. Infection, 2020, 48(5): 681-686.
[23] GISSLÉN M, SVEDHEM V, LINDBORG L, et al. Sweden, the first country to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 continuum of HIV care targets[J]. HIV Med, 2017, 18(4): 305-307.
[24] TANG W, WU D.Opportunities and challenges for HIV self-testing in China[J]. Lancet HIV, 2018, 5(11): e611-e612.
[25] 邵蔚, 张立, 陈艳, 等. 医疗失效模式与效应分析在新型冠状病毒肺炎医院感染防控中的应用效果[J/CD]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2021, 6(2): 129-132.
[26] KOWALSKA JD, SKRZAT-KLAPACZY SKA A, BURSA D, et al. HIV care in times of the COVID-19 crisis — Where are we now in Central and Eastern Europe?[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2020, 96: 311-314.
[27] PILCHER CD, OSPINA-NORVELL C, DASGUPTA A, et al.The Effect of Same-Day Observed Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV Viral Load and Treatment Outcomes in a U.S. Public Health Setting[J]. J Acquir immune Defic Syndr, 2017, 74(1): 44-51.
[28] UNAIDS. UNAIDS and China working together during the COVID-19 outbreak to ensure that people living with HIV continue to get treatment[EB/OL]. (2020-02-19)[2021-03-12]. https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2020/february/20200218_china_covid19.
[29] SUN Y, LI H, LUO G, et al.Antiretroviral treatment interruption among people living with HIV during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a nationwide cross-sectional study[J]. J Int AIDS Soc, 2020, 23(11):e25637.
[30] MIRZAEI H, MCFARLAND W, KARAMOUZIAN M, et al.COVID-19 Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review[J]. AIDS Behav, 2021, 25(1): 85-92.
[31] DELLE DONNE V, CICCARELLI N, MASSARONI V, et al.Psychological distress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in an Italian population living with HIV: an online survey[J]. Infez Med, 2021, 29(1): 54-64.
[32] LESKO C R, BENGTSON A M.HIV and SARS-CoV-2: Intersecting Epidemics with Many Unknowns[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2020, 190(1):10-16.
[33] ALGARIN AB, VARAS-RODRÍGUEZ E, VALDIVIA C, et al. Symptoms, Stress, and HIV-Related Care Among Older People Living with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Miami, Florida[J]. AIDS Behav, 2020, 24(8): 2236-2238.
[34] GOLIN R, GODFREY C, FIRTH J, et al.PEPFAR’s Response to the Convergence of the HIV and COVID‐19 Pandemics in Sub‐Saharan Africa[J]. J Int AIDS Soc, 2020, 23(8):e25587.
[35] HOAGLAND B, TORRES T S, BEZERRA D R B, et al. Telemedicine as a tool for PrEP delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large HIV prevention service in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil[J]. Braz J Infect Dis, 2020, 24(4): 360-364.
[36] WITZEL T C, ESHUN-WILSON I, JAMIL M S, et al.Comparing the effects of HIV self-testing to standard HIV testing for key populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. BMC Med, 2020, 18(1): 381.
[37] KEENE C, MOHR-HOLLAND E, CASSIDY T, et al.How COVID-19 could benefit tuberculosis and HIV services in South Africa[J]. Lancet. Respir Med, 2020, 8(9): 844-846.
[38] GRANICH R, GUPTA S. European Union, HIV, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Progress and Lessons Learned From the HIV Pandemic[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2020, 71(11):2917-2919.
[39] KAY E S, MUSGROVE K.From HIV to Coronavirus: AIDS Service Organizations Adaptative Responses to COVID-19, Birmingham, Alabama[J]. AIDS Behav, 2020, 24(9):2461-2462.
[40] KRETCHY I A, ASIEDU-DANSO M, KRETCHY J-P.Medication management and adherence during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives and experiences from low-and middle-income countries[J]. Res Social Adm Pharm, 2021, 17(1): 2023-2026.
[41] 吕秋莹, 梅树江, 张仁利, 等. 新型冠状病毒肺炎精准防控体系构建与效果评价[J/CD]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2020, 5(4): 229-233.
[42] JEFFERSON T, MAR C B D, DOOLEY L, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020, 11(11):CD006207.
[43] NUSSBAUMER-STREIT B, MAYR V, DOBRESCU A I, et al. Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID‐19: a rapid review[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2020, 9(9):CD013574.
[44] 李倩, 卢洪洲. 新型冠状病毒疫苗研究最新进展[J/CD]. 新发传染病电子杂志, 2020, 5(4): 268-273.
[45] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 新冠疫苗接种技术指南(第一版)[EB/OL]. (2021-03-29)[2021-04-19]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/gzzcwj/202103/c2febfd04fc5498f916b1be080905771.shtml.
[46] WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): COVID-19 vaccines and people living with HIV[EB/OL]. (2021-04-09)[2021-04-19]. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-covid-19-vaccines-and-people-living-with-hiv.
[47] BHIVA. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine advice for adults living with HIV: British HIV Association (BHIVA) & Terrence Higgins Trust (THT) guidance - Plain English version[EB/OL]. (2021-01-11)[2021-04-19]. https://www.bhiva.org/SARS-CoV-2-vaccine-advice-for-adults-living-with-HIV-plain-english-version-update.
[48] MOFENSON LM, BRADY MT, DANNER SP, et al.Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections Among HIV-Exposed and HIV-Infected Children: Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics[J]. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2009, 58(RR-11): 1-166.