Abstract: Objective To explore the features of chest computed tomography(CT) in AIDS patients with Talaromyces marneffei(TM) opportunistic infection in order to improve the understanding and diagnosis of the disease. Method A retrospective analysis was carried out on 32 patients who were diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Talaromyces marneffei infection by etiology during their hospitalization in Zhong Nan Hospital of Wuhan University from January, 2013 to August, 2020. After the relevant clinical and imaging data being collected, the chest CT sign of the 32 patients were observed. Result Fifteen patients (46.9%) had patchy ground-glass opacity or consolidation, of which 3 patients showed patchy consolidations with scattered and symmetrical distribution ,lesions that were centered on the hilar and spread outwards, 17 patients (53.1%) had nodules ,one case with a cavity,3 patients (9.4%) with nodular bump.3 patients (9.4%) with miliary pulmonary nodules in the lung field, 8 patients (25.0%) had pleural effusions, and 3 patients (9.4%) with pleural thickening. 20 patients (62.5%) had mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and the maximum short diameter range was 13.6-20.4mm. Seven patients (21.9%) had a significant increase in mediastinal lymph nodes, and some of them gathered into clusters. Conclusion The chest CT signs of AIDS patients with Talaromyces marneffei infection are diverse. The patchy consolidation with scattered and symmetrical distribution, which lesions were centered on the hilar and spread outwards, and miliary pulmonary nodules are two characteristic signs. Meanwhile, paying attention to the law of mediastinal lymph node enlargement lesions can also provide important differential diagnostic value for the disease.

Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Talaromyces marneffei, X-Ray computed