Abstract: A case of leprosy misdiagnosed and mistreated was reported, and the clinical and pathological data collected were analyzed retrospectively to improve the understanding of leprosy among clinicians. A leper with symptoms such as red papules, pustules and nodules on the lower limbs without obvious inducement was admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Zhongshan City, and the pathology confirmed the type Ⅱ leper reaction. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease, with diverse clinical manifestations and involving many disciplines. In addition, clinicians lack knowledge about it and are prone to misdiagnosis. This paper discusses the clinical characteristics of the leprosy patient, the imaging manifestations of pulmonary infection, the basis of clinical diagnosis, and the active and effective comprehensive treatment methods. Strengthen the vigilance of clinicians, report suspected cases in time and reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis and therapeutic error.

Key words: Leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae, Bacterial and fungal pneumonia