Abstract: Congenital tuberculosis is a rare type of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during the intrauterine or normal parturition. It is caused by severe forms of tuberculosis in pregnancy such as extrapulmonary tuberculosis and meningeal tuberculosis,which infect the fetus through the placenta, amniotic fluid or maternal genital tract. The onset of congenital tuberculosis varies in age.There is easy to be misdiagnosed because congenital tuberculosis is lacking specificity and is similar to infectious diseases such as bacterial pneumonia for clinical symptoms and laboratory examination. We should combine diagnosis with clinical symptoms, imaging examination, etiological evidence, tuberculosis specific examination such as T-SPOT, and maternal history of tuberculosis during pregnancy. The disease progresses is quick and the fatality rate is high.So anti-tuberculosis treatment can be started after general clinical diagnosis. At present, Many literatures had been reported that diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis was considered only after the treatment with multiple antibiotics failed, which caused serious consequences in infants. So it is necessary to early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for reducing the fatality rate of infants. To providing further understanding for clinic reference, we have briefly summarized the definition, infection passway, clinical manifestations,accessory examination,diagnosis,treatment and prevention of congenital tuberculosis.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Congenital, Infant, Clinical presentation, Diagnosis