Abstract: Objective To understand the etiological characteristics, transmission route, clinical manifestations, detection and diagnosis methods of monkeypox, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of monkeypox. Method The epidemiological history, clinical manifestations and laboratory examination of 4 monkeypox patients admitted to Shenyang Sixth People's Hospital were analyzed, and the relevant case data reported at home and abroad were reviewed. Result All the 4 cases were men who have sex with men（MSM） population, and no monkeypox patients had been in close contact in the past 21 days. The main symptoms after the onset were rashes on genitals, perianal, face, and trunk, which were maculopapular in the early stage and gradually evolved into water herpes and pustular rash until scabs. Monkeypox virus nucleic acid test was positive in skin lesions, blood samples and throat swabs of 4 cases, and case 1 was found to be Ⅱb B.1.3 (West African clades) by gene sequencing. After treatment, all the 4 cases were discharged after meeting the discharge standard. Conclusion Monkeypox is still a newly emerging infectious disease in China, which can be diagnosed according to exposure history, clinical manifestations and nucleic acid test results. The rash recognition of monkeypox patients by clinicians should be improved, especially monkeypox nucleic acid testing in patients with rash in MSM population.

Key words: Monkeypox, Monkeypox virus, Rash, Men who have sex with men