Abstract: The global trends of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease（NTMD）are increasing. NTMD is one of worldwide public health burden associated with mounting morbidity, case fatality rate , and economic costs. Mycobacterial pathogens are intrinsically resistant to many available antibiotics, making treatment extremely challenging, especially in immunocompromised individuals and patients with chronic underlying conditions. Even if with lengthy therapy and the use of a combination of antibiotics, the cure rate for NTMD is lower. The need for novel medication regimens that are effective against NTMD is very urgent. A few available management guidelines for patients with common nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease(NTM-PD) in adults caused by Mycobacterium avium complex, and Mycobacterium abscessus complex have been issued. However, management options for diseases caused by other clinically relevant less common non-tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM), including Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium genavense, Mycobacterium celatum, Mycobacterium simiae, Mycobacterium paragordonae, Mycobacterium szulgai, Mycobacterium haemophilum, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, are very insufficiency. The patients with NTMD should need multi-drug therapy based on current guideline-based treatment strategies and individualized treatment strategies. However, most NTMs had inherent resistance to a variety of first-line anti-bacterial drugs. The cure rate for especially the patients with immunocompromised and chronic diseases was lower than 50% and the treatment of NTMD were challenging.To save the lives of these patients, to improve the efficacy and to reduce side effects, new medications and treatment regimens with high efficacy and low toxicity are expected to be used in clinic as soon as possible. A systematical review on updated medication regimens for less common NTMD was developed.

Key words: Nontuberculous mycobacterial, Updated medication regimens, Progress