Current Issue

2020 Vol.5 No.4 Published:30 November 2020

Well-being of the whole people support the comprehensive well-off

Shenzhen model, experience of basic medical, health system with Chinese characteristics Luo Lexuan, Li Chuang, Chen Yao, Liu Hui 2020, 5 (4):  215-222.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.001 Abstract ( 449)    PDF (1016KB) ( 1462 )    Adhering to the concept of "providing the basic medical and health system as a public product to the whole people",through the overall planning of the financing,service and supervision closed-loop management chain of basic medical and health services,adhering to the integrity,systematization and synergy of the reform,insisting on changing the functions of the government as the starting point,adhering to the rule of law and standards as the guide,adhering to the internationalization as the path,the basic medical and health system with Chinese characteristics with scientific governance,service optimization and fine management is basically formed in Shenzhen,and the accessibility,quality and efficiency of basic medical and health services are comprehensively improved,striving to strengthen the system guarantee to improve the people's health level.The proportion of diagnosis and treatment of the primary medical and health service system led by the primary medical group is 79.5%.The proportion of household health expenditure to total health expenditure decreased to 14.4%.From 2015 to 2019,the outpatient score of patient satisfaction increased from 78.0 to 87.2,and the hospitalization score increased from 80.73 to 89.25.In 2019,10 of the 13" Healthy China 2030" plans were completed ahead of schedule.From 2009 to 2019,life expectancy in Shenzhen increased from 77.68 to 81.54 years,an increase of 3.86 years.Theaccessibilityofhealth service has been improved,the cost of medical care can be borne,the satisfaction can be improved and the health level of the population reached the level of developed countries and regions in the world.The experience of Shenzhen have been fully affirmed and popularized by the state and Guangdong Province,and promoted by the World Health Organization and the top international medical journal the Lancet.

The development, achievements of radiology of infectious diseases in China Lu Puxuan, Shi Yuxin, Lu Zhiyan, Liu Xinjiang, Xu Chuanjun, He Yulin, Lu Yibo, Xie Ruming, Chen Budong, Yin Xiaoping, Liu Qiang, Bian Jie, Liu Wenya, Yang Zhou, Lv Shengxiu, Yang Yuxin, Liu Jingzhe, Xu Qiuzhen, Li Yonggang, Zhang Xiaoqin, Luo Lin, Shan Fei, Zhang Huijuan, Wang Yali, Lu Hong, Sun Yong, Shen Guiquan, Zhang Na, Wang Xiaoyi, Liu Jinxin, Li Hongjun 2020, 5 (4):  223-228.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.002 Abstract ( 522)    PDF (964KB) ( 747 )    In order to improve the imaging diagnosis level of infectious diseases,especially for emerging infections diseases,of medical staff in China and the world,and to achieve the purpose of early accurate diagnosis and timely treatment,to increase the cure rate and reduce the mortality rate,the expert team of Chinese infectious disease radiology has created innovative disciplines of infectious disease imaging and systematic theoretical systems,technical specifications,discipline systems and diagnosis and treatment testing platforms after 22 years of unremitting efforts,which have promoted the development of China’s infectious disease prevention and control ability,and improved the radiology of infectious diseases in China.The Chinese Radiology Team of Infectious Diseases took the lead in formulating the Guidelines for Imaging Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and 8 statutory imaging diagnostic standards for infectious diseases,which were promoted and applied nationwide.Through the publication of AIDS three-dimensional tomographic specimen library,Radiology of Infectious Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases Electronic Journal,we have established a new platform for the scientific research,teaching,popularization and exchange of emerging infectious diseases.When the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic is raging on humans and spreading across the world,More than 2 000 medical technicians and doctors who are kind and responsible in the China Infectious Disease Radiology Committee apply standardized CT imaging technology and superb imaging diagnosis,analysis and judgment capabilities to provide an objective basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia,which play an important role in the control of the epidemic.The Chinese Infectious Disease Radiology Committee has organized 31 online training conferences and trained more than 60 000 medical workers on the front line of the national battle and related medical personnel of infectious disease hospitals at all levels,3 international conferences,and 80 More countries benefited,highlighting the unique role of infectious disease radiology in the fight against the new coronavirus pneumonia.In addition,the expert team of the Radiology Committee of Infectious Diseases edited and published 14 English monographs related to infectious disease images at Springer Publishing House in Germany.Among them,three English books have won the 2017 National Copyright Export Key Award and General Award,which are global The prevention and control of infectious diseases has contributed to China's wisdom,leading China's infectious disease imaging from the domestic to the frontier of national standards.

Research on accurate prevention, control strategy, implementation effect of coronavirus disease2019in Shenzhen Lyu Qiuying, Mei Shujiang, Zhang Renli, Wu Yongsheng, He Jianfan, Li Yuan, Peng Bo, Zhang Zhen, Lu Jianhua, Gao Wei, Fang Shisong, Wang Jingzhong, Wen Ying, Cheng Cong, Zou Xuan, Xia Junjie, Peng Chaoqiong, Feng Tiejian 2020, 5 (4):  229-233.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.003 Abstract ( 787)    PDF (932KB) ( 1064 )    The COVID-19 epidemic raises major public health security issues.As a metropolis with high population density and great population mobility,Shenzhen has great challenges in public health prevention and control because of the risk of imported transmission,which might lead to widespread community explosive epidemics.By analyzing local COVID-19 epidemiological characteristics and transmission,and actively exploring epidemic rules and key points of prevention and control,Shenzhen established "key population screening + case isolation treatment + contact isolation medical observation,follow-up management" as the core of accurate prevention and control strategy,supplemented by wearing masks,delayed resume work resumption,maintain social distance and schooling community control as the integrated strategy.In confirmed cases of COVID-19,screening and management of close contacts has shown that the time from symptom onset to isolation has been shortened.Extensive follow-up screening and isolation management strategies have promoted early detection and isolation of cases and effectively reduced the risk of community transmission.We established a mathematical model of importation risk,evaluated the importation risk of our city and study and judged the city's tolerance for prevention and control,therefore we could timely adjust targeted strategies.We carried out monitoring and follow-up for discharged patients with recurrent positive of SARS-CoV-2 RNA,and assessed their risk of transmission,which helped us formulate a follow-up management plan and work guidelines.The implementation of the accurate prevention and control strategy and measures of "screening,detection,isolation,management and extensive tracking" has effectively controlled the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen within 40 days after the epidemic spread,which has provided successful experience for the accurate and effective control of the COVID-19 epidemic around the world,especially in a megacity.

Exploration, practice of Luohu medical reform for the last five years Sun Xizhuo, Gong Fangfang, Lin Jinchun, Li Wenhai 2020, 5 (4):  234-238.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.004 Abstract ( 436)    PDF (980KB) ( 1019 )    In 2015,Luohu District,Shenzhen City,Guangdong province carried out the reform of medical and health service system with a healthy population as the top concern.After integrating the public medical institutions under the jurisdiction,Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group,a compact medical partnerships with the sole legal representative,was established as the carrier of the reform.The reform tries out the health-oriented medical insurance payouts system,focuses on improving the community-level construction of basic medical care and public health service,conducts measures such as integration of education and health,integration of medical prevention and medical care,integration of elderly care and medical services,builds a health service network to protect the public health of the whole cycle in an all-round way for the whole society,solves the problems of ‘difficult to see a doctor’and ‘expensive to see a doctor’,and strives to achieve the final goal of ‘fewer illnesses,fewer hospitalizations,less burden,better healthcare’for residents.In the past five years,the health literacy of residents in Luohu district has been increased from 13.57% to 41.59%.Compared with 2017,the number of cases of hand-foot-mouth disease in Luohu district decreased by 9.97% and the number of Chickenpox cases decreased by 27.52% in 2018.Besides,the morbidity and mortality rate of malignant tumors decreased since 2016.From 2014 to 2019,the number of basic diagnosis and treatment of community health service centers held by the Shenzhen Luohu hospital group increased by 34.22% on average,who was ranked first in the city for two consecutive years in the third-party survey of residents' service satisfaction.Thus,it can be seen that the residents' concept of primary diagnosis in community-level has gradually formed.In addition,the on-site promotion meeting of national medical partnerships construction and the promotion meeting of Guangdong provincial medical partnerships construction in 2017 were held in Luohu district,in which Luohu medical reform was promoted to the whole province and the whole country as a typical example of urban medical partnerships construction.Subsequently,the World Health Organization issued an article in 2018,in which the key reform measures and implementation strategies of Luohu medical reform were described in detail.Moreover,some experts believe that Luohu medical reform has provided China's plan and wisdom to solve the worldwide problem of medical reform.

Original Articles

Clinical efficacy of combination therapy of traditional Chinese, western medicine on31severe ill patients with coronavirus disease2019 Song Yuyan, Huang Changxian, Zhou Lu, Zhang Ying, Zhang An, Zhan Zhu, Li Quntang, Qiu Min 2020, 5 (4):  239-242.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.005 Abstract ( 422)    PDF (937KB) ( 853 )    Objective Aiming to clarify the therapeutic value of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),a retrospective analysis was performed to compare the clinical efficacy of the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine (Combination group) and western medicine alone (Western group).Methods We enrolled 31 severe COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the Chongqing Public Health Medical Center,and the clinical data about epidemiological history,symptoms,signs,laboratory and imaging examinations were collected.The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment.The patients in Western group were given symptomatic support,oxygen therapy,antiviral and other treatments;The patients in Combination group were given sequential treatment of traditional Chinese medicine based on the treatments of the Western group.The clinical efficacy indicators after admission to the ICU of patients in two groups were compared,including:length of hospital stay,length of ICU stay,costs of hospitalization,time of using high-flow oxygen therapy,time of using non-invasive ventilation,time of nucleic acid converting to negative,critical conversion Rate,and laboratory and imaging indicators.Results ① The length of hospital stay in the Combination group was significantly less than the Western group (P<0.05).② On the 14th day after ICU admission,the patients in the Combination group had higher oxygenation index and prealbumin than those in the Western group.Conclusions The combination therapy of traditional Chinese and western medicine can improve the oxygenation index during hospitalization,and significantly reduce the length of hospitalization in severe ill patients with COVID-19.

A10-year retrospective investigation on the physical development of children aged18months bore by HIV-positive mothers after receiving ART of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Nanning Ge Xianmin, Zhu Jinhui, Jiang Wu, Lan Guanghua, Tang Chi, Li Jiangheng, Lin Qian, Chen Huanhuan, Luo Liuhong, Li Shanshan, Li Bin, Wen Pingjing, Huang Yuman, Meng Qin, Liu Shuaifeng, Wu Xiuling, Huang Jinghua, Lu Huaxiang, Deng Yueqin 2020, 5 (4):  243-248.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.006 Abstract ( 441)    PDF (945KB) ( 821 )    Objective This retrospective study aims to analyze the adverse influence on physical development of 18-month-old children born by HIV-positive mothers who received anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for prevention mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV in past 10 years in Nanning,so as to better tailor future PMTCT medication program for providing scientific evidences.Methods Participants were divided into case group and control group based on the design of retrospective case-control study.Samples (n=1109) of the case group were annually new reported HIV-positive mothers who received ART for PMTCT and their HIV-negative infants from January 2010 to 2019 December in Nanning city.History cards and PMTCT data of participants w were obtained through the national PMTCT database.The control group included healthy mothers and their healthy infants born in 2019 (n=1778) in Nanning Maternity and Child Health Hospital.Physical development data including height,weight and head circumference of 18-month-old infants were collected.Children whose physical examination results were below the range of normal value of at least one of the three aforementioned indicators were identified as physical dysplasia.Results There were 1112 HIV-positive mothers and 1109 infants in the case group,and ART rate of PMTCT for mothers was 94.42%（1050/1112）and 96.12%（1066/1109）for kids.Rates of HIV positive,mortality and mother-to-child transmission among these children aged 18 months were respectively 0.93% (7/755),0.99%（11/1109）and 1.56%.Physical examination results indicated 17.22% (130/755) of physical dysplasia among infants aged 18 months in the case group while 9.84% (175/1778) reported in the control group.The difference between the two group showed statistically significance (P<0.001).Conclusions Potential adverse influence from ART of PMTCT on physical development of 18-month-old infants born by HIV-positive mothers that should be highly attracted attention.

Pathological observation of103cases with aspergillosis of the nasal, paranasal sinus Zhu Yanan, Liu Dechun 2020, 5 (4):  249-252.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.007 Abstract ( 635)    PDF (1183KB) ( 1008 )    Objective To observe and analyze the pathological features of aspergillosis of nasal cavity and sinus in order to deepen the understanding and improve the diagnostic level.Methods The nasal cavity and sinus biopsy sections received by the department from 2012 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively,and further verified by peroidic acid Schiff(PAS) staining and Grocott methenanine silver (GMS)staining to analyze their pathological characteristics.Results 103 cases of aspergillosis of the nasal cavity and sinus were confirmed to be non-invasive type,including 101 cases of aspergillusballs(aspergillomas)and 2 cases of allergic aspergillosis.Most aspergillus balls were clumped by mycelium(hyphae) winding and interweaving,and some were stratified,with aspergillus degeneration,necrosis and calcification,accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions Aspergillus infection is an important cause of fungal rhinosinusitis with aspergilloma formation usually.Specific staining (PAS and GMS) may help to confirm fungal morphology.

Curative effect observation on anti-tuberculosis therapy for AIDS patients complicated with mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis Song Shulin, Lu Yibo, Peng Renping, Zhang Shiqian, Mo Yimei, Zhou Jingru 2020, 5 (4):  253-257.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.008 Abstract ( 765)    PDF (1757KB) ( 789 )    Objective To compare and analyze the size changes of primary treatment of tuberculosis of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with AIDS and non-AIDS ,and to assess the efficacy of anti-tuberculous therapy in patients with AIDS combined with mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis.Methods Between January 2016 and December 2019,Clinical and CT scan data of patients with AIDS and non-AIDS combined with mediastinal nodal tuberculosis in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital were analyzed,and the patients of AIDS combined with mediastinal nodal tuberculosis as the observation group,the non-AIDS as the control group.The treatment of nodal tuberculosis was 2-3HRZE / 9-15HRE.Compared the clinical manifestations before the treatment between the two groups,Assessed the efficacy of anti-tuberculous therapy through observing the transformation of the lymph gland size at 1 month,2 month,4 month,6 month,8 month,12 month and above.Results There were no statistically significant differences in gender and age between the two groups.Before treatment,In observation group,the detection rate of MTB complex group was lower than the control group,the fever rate was higher (P<0.001),CD4+T cells were significantly lower (Z=-5.565,P<0.001),and the first hospital stay was longer (P=0.046).There were no statistically significant differences in cough and sputum (P>0.05).The incidence of hemoperatively disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (including secondary pulmonary tuberculosis combined with hemoperatively disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis) in observation group was higher than that in control group (χ²=4.227,P=0.040).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in efficacy of anti-tuberculous therapy at 1Month,2Month,4Month,6Month,8Month,12Month or above (P>0.05).After 7 days-6months of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART),12 patients in observation group were repeatedly hospitalized because of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstruction syndrome (TB-IRIS).Conclusions The anti-tuberculosis treatment of AIDS patients combined with mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis and non-AIDS patients combined with mediastinal lymph node tuberculosis had similar efficacy and was not affected by HAART combined treatment.Follow-up with CT can be used to evaluate the anti-tuberculosis efficacy of AIDS patients combined with tuberculosis of mediastinal lymph nodes,especially in the early stage of HAART,which is conducive to the early clinical diagnosis of TB-associated immune reestablishment inflammatory syndrome.

The etiology analysis of548cases patients of fever with unknown origin Lyu Kunlai, Xin Xiaojuan, Li Chunhua 2020, 5 (4):  258-261.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.009 Abstract ( 404)    PDF (931KB) ( 983 )    Objective To investigate the etiology features of patients with fever with unknown origin（FUO） in Chongqing in recent years,and provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of FUO.Methods the data of 548 inpatients who met the criteria for FUO in the department of infection of the first affiliated hospital of Chongqing medical university from 2017 to 2019 were retrospectively summarized and analyzed,and the etiology of FUO patients was classified.Results 548 patients were diagnosed with 371 cases after various examinations and diagnostic treatments,with a confirmed rate of 67.8%.There were 285 cases of infectious diseases (52.0%),14 cases of neoplastic diseases (2.6%),47 cases of connective tissue diseases (8.6%),25 cases of other diseases (4.6%),and 177 cases of undiagnosed diseases (32.2%) at the time of discharge.Conclusions The etiology of patients with fever is unclear,infectious diseases are still the main cause of fever,followed by undiagnosed diseases,connective tissue diseases,other diseases,and neoplastic diseases at the time of discharge.

Effects of the pathogenic prion protein on neuronal excitability, membrane receptor in spongiform encephalopathy Li Zongming, Li Xiufeng 2020, 5 (4):  262-264.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.010 Abstract ( 498)    PDF (928KB) ( 837 )    Objective To investigate the effects of the pathogenic prion protein (PrP) peptide (PrP106-126) on the excitability and membrane receptors of cholinergic neurons in rat basal forebrain.Methods Whole cell patch clamp technique was used to record the frequency of action potential on cholinergic neurons isolated from rat basal forebrain.The membrane receptor of PrP was detected by AC253.Results Our results showed that PrP106-126 (10 nmol/L) had excitatory effect on cholinergic neurons in basal forebrain.Under the model of current clamp,the frequency of action potential induced by PrP106-126 peptide increased from (2.2±1.9) Hz to (58.0±18.0) Hz (n=32,P<0.001).Using AC253 (10 nmol/L),a competitive antagonist of amylin receptor,can block the effect of PrP106-126.Conclusions The effect of PrP106-126 on the membrane excitability of central neurons is mediated by amylin receptor.

Intestinal tuberculosis: X-ray barium meal radiography, CT imaging findings Wang Zhengyuan, Liu Heng, Lu Hong 2020, 5 (4):  265-267.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.011 Abstract ( 614)    PDF (1829KB) ( 1907 )    Objective To improve the understanding and diagnostic level of the intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) by analyzing its X-ray barium meal examinations and CT findings.Methods X-ray barium meal examinations and CT findings of 10 patients with ITB proved by clinical pathology were collected and analyzed.CT scan was performed in 2 cases,and both CT scan,CT enhanced scan and X-ray barium meal examinations were carried out in 4 cases.Small intestine radiography was carried out in 2 cases.Large intestine radiography was carried out in 2 cases.Results ①Ulcerated intestinal tuberculosis:8 cases.Four cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and intestinal tuberculosis were characterized by multiple small ulcer and local stenosis.Two cases of intestinal tuberculosis were accompanied with fistula formation,which were characterized by terminal ileum fistula and barium spillover.Abdominal CT findings of two cases were normal,but X-ray barium meal radiography were presented as intestinal tuberculosis.②Proliferative intestinal tuberculosis:2 cases.One case of intestinal tuberculosis was accompanied with intestinal obstruction.One case of ascending colon and transverse colon tuberculosis,appeared as stratified phenomenon of "target sign" and "double loop sign".Conclusions Most ITB may have some specific CT and X-ray characteristics,which facilitate to make a correct preoperative diagnosis,especially combined with relevant clinical data,and provide theoretical evidence for clinical treatment and prognosis.

Review

Progress on coronavirus disease2019vaccines: current status Li Qian, Lu Hongzhou 2020, 5 (4):  268-273.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.012 Abstract ( 642)    PDF (946KB) ( 876 )    The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has led to severe global health burden.However,no effective vaccine has been developed yet.The development of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine is urgent for the disease control.In the present review,we firstly described the mechanisms of neutralizing antibodies-mediated immune responses.We elucidated different neutralizing antibodies which are induced by Coronavirus vaccines,and described how they induce anti-viral response.Secondly,we took the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as examples,and summarized how the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) vaccine development can learn from SARS and MERS vaccine research in selecting antigens.Furthermore,we discussed the potential problems for COVID-19 vaccine development about evaluating the safety and effectiveness of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV vaccines.Next,we summarized the current clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines.Although there are challenges from the clinical trials to large-scale production and application,the development of vaccines is so rapidly nowadays,and it’s potential to get safe and effective vaccines in a short time.At last,the vaccines strategy should be combined with public health strategies such as keeping physical distance,early detection,self-isolation and outbreak control to against COVID-19.

Advances in clinical application research of mycobacterium vaccae on treatment of tuberculosis Liu Chunling, Yan Xiaofeng 2020, 5 (4):  274-276.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.013 Abstract ( 629)    PDF (928KB) ( 920 )    As an adjunct to chemotherapy,Mycobacterium vaccae is helpful for patients with initial treatment of tuberculosis,recurrent treated tuberculosis,multi-drμg resistant tuberculosis,tuberculous pleurisy and TB preventive treatment in terms of improving cell-medicated immunity.This article aims to briefly describe the clinical application and research progress of Mycobacterium vaccae in the adjuvant treatment of tuberculosis in recent years.

Research progress of ultrasound imaging in AIDS complicated with pulmonary infection Nong Yunjie, Nong Hengrong, Huang Yulan, Huang Xiaogui, Lu Rizhen 2020, 5 (4):  277-279.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.014 Abstract ( 426)    PDF (1689KB) ( 706 )    AIDS combines pulmonary infection is one of the main causes of high mortality of AIDS.Therefore,it is very important to study the characteristics of its ultrasound imaging,help clinical diagnosis and obtain accurate treatment in time,so as to reduce the mortality of AIDS patients.In recent years,ultrasound imaging technology is more and more used in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection,especially for pulmonary peripheral lesions and pulmonary consolidation.Conventional ultrasound can provide valuable information for the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound intervention can provide reliable scientific basis for the differential diagnosis and pathological diagnosis of pulmonary lesions,and plays an important role for the clinical diagnosis and efficacy evaluation estimation of AIDS with pulmonary infection.

Education Fields

2020WHO tuberculosis report: key data for China, the whole world Ren Tantan, Lu Puxuan, Deng Guofang 2020, 5 (4):  280-284.  DOI: 10.19871/j.cnki.xfcrbzz.2020.04.015 Abstract ( 937)    PDF (1225KB) ( 2151 )    Tuberculosis has a history of more than 100 years since its discovery in 1882 and is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide.In 2019,an estimated 10 million people worldwide will suffer from tuberculosis,with more men than women.Among the global tuberculosis patients,Men accounted for 56%,women accounted for 34% among patients over 15 years of age,children under 15 years old accounted for 8%,of which HIV infection accounted for 8.2%.In 2019,there were 465 000 rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) globally,78% of which were multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB),3.3% of new tuberculosis cases and 17.7% of previously treated cases were MDR/RR-TB.The three countries with the largest global burden are India (27%),China (14%) and the Russian Federation (8%).The cumulative reduction in the incidence of tuberculosis from 2015 to 2019 was 9%,and the rate of reduction was not enough to reach the 2020 milestone (that is,to reduce tuberculosis by 20% between 2015 and 2020).The COVID -19 pandemic threatens and weakens recent achievements in tuberculosis prevention and control,the number of tuberculosis notifications will drop sharply in 2020.To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the global tuberculosis targets set in the End TB Strategy,multi-sectoral cooperation is urgently needed,achieve universal health coverage as soon as possible,and develop new technologies and vaccines.